![]() ![]() The displaced urethral orifice was widened (Misk, 2008). In hypospadias, the bared mucous membrane of the urethra was covered by suturing the skin edges after their dissection from the underlying tissues. The dilated part of the urethra below the induced fistula was resected or obliterated. In urethral dilatation in bulls, urethrostomy was created at the most upper part of the dilated urethra. The dilated part of the urethra in front of the induced fistula was resected. In urethral dilatation, aurethrostomy was performed at the most caudal part of the swelling. Proper surgical treatment was carried out. Lateral and vetrodorsalradiographyof the caudal abdomen and pelvic region and exploratory puncture were performed for conformation of diagnosis. Initialdiagnosis depends mainly on case history and clinical presentation of animals. Tranquilization withXylazine HCL 2% in a dose rate of 0.05/kg was used in cattle and buffaloes. The majority of cases were examined during the periodical visits to the village ofveterinary clinics and some cases were recorded at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University between the periods from 1999 – 2012.Īll operations were performed under effect of local infiltration analgesia using Lidocaine HCL 2%. The present study was carried out on a total number of 403 male ruminants suffering from different affections of the penile urethra. The aim of the present study was to report different affections of the penile urethra in ruminants with special reference to diagnosis and outcome of surgical treatment. ![]() Many affections of the penile urethra were mentioned in the available literature including congenital anomalies such as hypospadias in cattle, sheep, and goat(Azari et al., 2010, Sakhaee and Azari, 2009, Ladds, 1993, Smith, 2009, Blowey and Weaver, 2011), urethral dilatation in calves and goats (Gasthuys et al., 1996, Sndak et al., 2010, Kamiloglu et al., 2003, Ozturk et al., 2002, Geccelep and Alkan, 2000, Karras et al., 1992) and acquired affections such as urethral obstruction and rupture in buffaloes, cattle and sheep (Blowey and Weaver, 2011, Dabas, 2009, Misk and Semieka, 2003, Zabady, 1996, Van Metra et al., 1996, Tyagi and Singh, 1996, Gasthuys et al., 1993, Ismail et al., 2007). Its terminal part projects commonly about 3-4cm beyond the glans penis forming a twisted processus urethrae (Budras et al., 2011, Ashdown and Done, 2010, Clayton and Flood, 1996). In rams, the penile urethra lies in a groove on the ventral surface of the corpus cavernosum. Just caudal to the scrotum the penis and penile urethra form a s-shaped curve, the sigmoid flexure. It passes caudad on the floor of the pelvis, turns around the ischialarch, forming a sharp bend and passes craniad as a part of the penis, enclosed in the corpus cavernosum urethrae. The urethra in male ruminants is a long tube extends from the bladder to the glans penis. ![]()
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